In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment, such as earthmovers, first remove the overburden.
In North America, surface mining gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and surface mines now produce most of the coal mined in the United States.
In North America, where the majority of surface coal mining occurs, this method began to be used in the mid-16th century and is practiced throughout the world in the mining of many different minerals. Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels. Type of mining in which the soil/rock above mineral deposits is removed The Siilinjärvi carbonatite complex, an open-pit mine owned by Yara International, in Siilinjärvi, Finland Coal strip mine in Wyoming
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